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Laurence c32f00a2be Initial release v1.1.0 — ESP32 automated telescope flat panel 
Firmware (Arduino Nano ESP32 / PlatformIO):
- Native ASCOM Alpaca CoverCalibrator REST API on port 11111
- Alnitak serial protocol on USB at 9600 baud (simultaneous with WiFi)
- MG995 servo cover mechanism with non-blocking state machine (D9)
- LED brightness PWM via IRLZ44N MOSFET, LEDC channel 0 (D3)
- 12V dew heater PWM via IRLZ44N MOSFET, LEDC channel 1 (D5)
- mDNS + UDP Alpaca discovery, WiFi watchdog reconnect
- SERIAL_DEBUG flag to silence debug output in USB-only mode

INDI driver (C++ / libcurl / nlohmann-json):
- WiFi mode: HTTP Alpaca via libcurl
- USB mode: Alnitak serial via POSIX termios
- LightBoxInterface + DustCapInterface + dew heater number property

Python controller (PyQt6):
- Dark-themed desktop app for direct manual control
- AlpacaBackend (requests) + AlnitakBackend (pyserial)
- PollWorker QThread; cover, brightness, dew heater panels
- QSettings persistence; auto serial port discovery

Docs:
- system-diagram.svg, wiring-diagram.svg (browser-renderable SVG)
- BUILD_NOTES.md with BOM, LM2596 calibration, power-on checklist
- WIRING.md quick-reference, README.md, CHANGELOG.md
2026-05-17 08:51:29 +01:00

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<!-- White background -->
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<!-- Title -->
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font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif" font-size="17" font-weight="bold" fill="#212121">
ESP32 FlatPanel — Wiring Diagram
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font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif" font-size="10" fill="#777">
Wire colours: red=12V orange=5V black=GND blue=PWM signal yellow=servo signal grey=load output
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<!-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ COMPONENTS -->
<!-- 12V PSU -->
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font-size="12" font-weight="bold" fill="#e65100">12V PSU</text>
<text x="95" y="118" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif"
font-size="10" fill="#777">≥ 4A</text>
<!-- Terminals -->
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<circle cx="140" cy="140" r="5" fill="#c62828"/><text x="140" y="158" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#333">12V+</text>
<!-- LM2596 Buck Converter -->
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<text x="280" y="113" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif"
font-size="10" fill="#777">Set to 5.0V first!</text>
<circle cx="225" cy="140" r="5" fill="#c62828"/><text x="225" y="158" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#333">IN+</text>
<circle cx="255" cy="140" r="5" fill="#212121"/><text x="255" y="158" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#333">IN−</text>
<circle cx="305" cy="140" r="5" fill="#e65100"/><text x="305" y="158" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#333">OUT+</text>
<circle cx="335" cy="140" r="5" fill="#212121"/><text x="335" y="158" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#333">OUT−</text>
<!-- Arduino Nano ESP32 -->
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font-size="12" font-weight="bold" fill="#0d47a1">Arduino Nano ESP32</text>
<!-- Pin labels -->
<text x="460" y="252" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Courier New, monospace" font-size="9" fill="#555">D9 → servo</text>
<text x="460" y="268" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Courier New, monospace" font-size="9" fill="#555">D3 → LED MOSFET gate</text>
<text x="460" y="284" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Courier New, monospace" font-size="9" fill="#555">D5 → Dew MOSFET gate</text>
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<text x="460" y="315" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Courier New, monospace" font-size="9" fill="#555">VIN ← 5V</text>
<text x="460" y="331" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Courier New, monospace" font-size="9" fill="#555">GND ← common GND</text>
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<text x="460" y="362" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Courier New, monospace" font-size="9" fill="#555">USB-C → PC</text>
<text x="460" y="378" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Courier New, monospace" font-size="9" fill="#555">(Alnitak 9600 baud)</text>
<text x="460" y="400" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Courier New, monospace" font-size="9" fill="#555">WiFi → Alpaca :11111</text>
<!-- ESP32 terminals (left side going out to servo) -->
<circle cx="370" cy="252" r="5" fill="#f9a825"/> <!-- D9 servo -->
<circle cx="370" cy="268" r="5" fill="#1565c0"/> <!-- D3 LED PWM -->
<circle cx="370" cy="284" r="5" fill="#1565c0"/> <!-- D5 Dew PWM -->
<circle cx="370" cy="315" r="5" fill="#e65100"/> <!-- VIN 5V -->
<circle cx="370" cy="331" r="5" fill="#212121"/> <!-- GND -->
<!-- USB port symbol on right -->
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<text x="556" y="370" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif" font-size="9" fill="#555">USB-C</text>
<!-- MG995 Servo -->
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<text x="100" y="320" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif"
font-size="12" font-weight="bold" fill="#1b5e20">MG995 Servo</text>
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font-size="10" fill="#388e3c">Cover mechanism</text>
<circle cx="50" cy="360" r="5" fill="#212121"/><text x="50" y="378" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#333">GND</text>
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<circle cx="150" cy="360" r="5" fill="#f9a825"/><text x="150" y="378" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#333">Signal</text>
<!-- MOSFET-A (LED) -->
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font-size="9" fill="#777">Gate – Drain – Source</text>
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<!-- MOSFET-B (Dew) -->
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<text x="280" y="457" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif"
font-size="11" font-weight="bold" fill="#b71c1c">IRLZ44N</text>
<text x="280" y="473" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif"
font-size="10" fill="#b71c1c">MOSFET-B (Dew)</text>
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font-size="9" fill="#777">Gate – Drain – Source</text>
<circle cx="235" cy="510" r="5" fill="#1565c0"/><text x="235" y="528" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#333">Gate</text>
<circle cx="280" cy="510" r="5" fill="#616161"/><text x="280" y="528" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#333">Drain</text>
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<!-- LED Panel -->
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<text x="770" y="300" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif"
font-size="12" font-weight="bold" fill="#e65100">LED Panel (12V)</text>
<text x="770" y="318" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif"
font-size="10" fill="#777">White high-CRI strip</text>
<text x="770" y="334" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif"
font-size="10" fill="#777">+ frosted acrylic</text>
<circle cx="710" cy="342" r="5" fill="#c62828"/><text x="710" y="360" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#333">LED+</text>
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<!-- Dew Heater Element -->
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<text x="770" y="450" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif"
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<text x="770" y="468" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif"
font-size="10" fill="#777">Nichrome / heating tape</text>
<text x="770" y="484" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif"
font-size="10" fill="#777">~24Ω 6W @ 12V</text>
<circle cx="710" cy="492" r="5" fill="#c62828"/><text x="710" y="510" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#333">H+</text>
<circle cx="760" cy="492" r="5" fill="#616161"/><text x="760" y="510" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#333">H−</text>
<!-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ WIRES -->
<!-- 12V rail: PSU 12V+ → LM2596 IN+ -->
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<!-- GND rail: PSU GND → LM2596 IN− -->
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<!-- 5V rail: LM2596 OUT+ → ESP32 VIN -->
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<!-- 5V rail: LM2596 OUT+ → MG995 VCC -->
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<!-- GND rail: LM2596 OUT− → ESP32 GND -->
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<line x1="355" y1="331" x2="370" y2="331" stroke="#212121" stroke-width="2.5" marker-end="url(#a-black)"/>
<!-- GND rail: → MG995 GND -->
<line x1="355" y1="360" x2="100" y2="360" stroke="#212121" stroke-width="2.5" marker-end="url(#a-black)"/>
<!-- GND rail: → MOSFET-A Source -->
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<line x1="325" y1="390" x2="355" y2="390" stroke="#212121" stroke-width="2.5"/>
<line x1="355" y1="390" x2="355" y2="510" stroke="#212121" stroke-width="2.5"/>
<!-- GND rail: → MOSFET-B Source -->
<line x1="355" y1="510" x2="325" y2="510" stroke="#212121" stroke-width="2.5" marker-end="url(#a-black)"/>
<!-- Servo signal: ESP32 D9 → MG995 Signal -->
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<text x="220" y="248" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif" font-size="9" fill="#f9a825">D9 servo</text>
<!-- LED PWM: ESP32 D3 → 100Ω → MOSFET-A Gate -->
<!-- Wire from ESP32 D3 terminal -->
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<!-- 100Ω resistor symbol (small rect) -->
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<text x="248" y="299" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Courier New, monospace" font-size="7" fill="#1565c0">100R</text>
<!-- Continue to gate -->
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<line x1="248" y1="370" x2="235" y2="370" stroke="#1565c0" stroke-width="2" marker-end="url(#a-blue)"/>
<!-- 10kΩ pull-down from gate node to GND -->
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<text x="224" y="343" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Courier New, monospace" font-size="6" fill="#777">10k</text>
<text x="208" y="298" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif" font-size="9" fill="#1565c0">D3</text>
<!-- Dew PWM: ESP32 D5 → 100Ω → MOSFET-B Gate -->
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<line x1="185" y1="284" x2="185" y2="510" stroke="#1565c0" stroke-width="2"/>
<!-- 100Ω resistor -->
<rect x="174" y="490" width="22" height="10" rx="2" fill="#fff" stroke="#1565c0" stroke-width="1.5"/>
<text x="185" y="499" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Courier New, monospace" font-size="7" fill="#1565c0">100R</text>
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<line x1="185" y1="510" x2="235" y2="510" stroke="#1565c0" stroke-width="2" marker-end="url(#a-blue)"/>
<!-- 10kΩ pull-down -->
<line x1="185" y1="470" x2="165" y2="470" stroke="#1565c0" stroke-width="1" stroke-dasharray="3,2"/>
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<text x="159" y="473" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Courier New, monospace" font-size="6" fill="#777">10k</text>
<text x="196" y="281" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif" font-size="9" fill="#1565c0">D5</text>
<!-- 12V rail: PSU → 12V bus (vertical red rail on right) -->
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<line x1="50" y1="165" x2="660" y2="165" stroke="#c62828" stroke-width="3"/>
<text x="550" y="160" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif" font-size="10"
font-weight="bold" fill="#c62828">12V rail</text>
<!-- 12V → LED Panel LED+ -->
<line x1="660" y1="165" x2="660" y2="310" stroke="#c62828" stroke-width="2.5"/>
<line x1="660" y1="310" x2="710" y2="310" stroke="#c62828" stroke-width="2.5" marker-end="url(#a-red)"/>
<!-- 12V → Dew Heater H+ -->
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<line x1="640" y1="460" x2="710" y2="460" stroke="#c62828" stroke-width="2.5" marker-end="url(#a-red)"/>
<!-- MOSFET-A Drain → LED− (load output wire) -->
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<line x1="280" y1="410" x2="620" y2="410" stroke="#616161" stroke-width="2"/>
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<text x="430" y="406" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif" font-size="9" fill="#616161">LED− (via MOSFET-A drain)</text>
<!-- MOSFET-B Drain → Dew Heater H− -->
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<line x1="280" y1="555" x2="635" y2="555" stroke="#616161" stroke-width="2"/>
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<line x1="635" y1="492" x2="760" y2="492" stroke="#616161" stroke-width="2" marker-end="url(#a-grey)"/>
<text x="430" y="551" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif" font-size="9" fill="#616161">H− (via MOSFET-B drain)</text>
<!-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LEGEND -->
<rect x="560" y="60" width="200" height="190" rx="8" fill="#f5f5f5" stroke="#bdbdbd" stroke-width="1.5"/>
<text x="660" y="82" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif"
font-size="12" font-weight="bold" fill="#333">Wire Legend</text>
<!-- Red -->
<line x1="578" y1="100" x2="618" y2="100" stroke="#c62828" stroke-width="3"/>
<text x="626" y="104" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif" font-size="10" fill="#333">12V positive</text>
<!-- Orange -->
<line x1="578" y1="120" x2="618" y2="120" stroke="#e65100" stroke-width="3"/>
<text x="626" y="124" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif" font-size="10" fill="#333">5V positive</text>
<!-- Black -->
<line x1="578" y1="140" x2="618" y2="140" stroke="#212121" stroke-width="3"/>
<text x="626" y="144" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif" font-size="10" fill="#333">GND / ground</text>
<!-- Blue solid -->
<line x1="578" y1="160" x2="618" y2="160" stroke="#1565c0" stroke-width="2"/>
<text x="626" y="164" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif" font-size="10" fill="#333">PWM signal</text>
<!-- Yellow dashed -->
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<text x="626" y="184" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif" font-size="10" fill="#333">Servo signal</text>
<!-- Grey -->
<line x1="578" y1="200" x2="618" y2="200" stroke="#616161" stroke-width="2"/>
<text x="626" y="204" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif" font-size="10" fill="#333">Load output</text>
<!-- Resistor symbol -->
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<text x="626" y="224" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif" font-size="10" fill="#333">Resistor</text>
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⚠ Build Order
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<text x="570" y="305" font-family="Segoe UI, Arial, sans-serif" font-size="10" fill="#333">
1. Set LM2596 to 5.0V BEFORE connecting servo or ESP32
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2. Add 10kΩ Gate→GND pull-downs on both MOSFETs
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3. Add 100Ω Gate series resistors on both MOSFETs
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4. Test LED MOSFET with 5V bench supply before 12V
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5. Flash firmware &amp; verify via Serial before full assembly
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MOSFET IRLZ44N pinout (flat face towards you): Gate | Drain | Source
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Not a certified schematic — verify all connections before powering on. v1.1
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